Capital punishment misc10 essays

Capital punishment misc10 essays The use of capital punishment has been a permanent fixture in society since the earliest civilizations and continues to be used as a form of punishment in countries today. It has been used for various crimes ranging from the desertion of soldiers during wartime to the more heinous crimes of serial killers. However, the mere fact that this brutal form of punishment and revenge has been the policy of many nations in the past does not subsequently warrant its implementation in today's society. The death penalty is morally and socially unethical, should be construed as cruel and unusual punishment since it is both discriminatory and arbitrary, has no proof of acting as a deterrent, and risks the atrocious and unacceptable injustice of executing innocent people. As long as capital punishment exists in our society it will continue to spark the injustice which it has failed to curb. Capital punishment is immoral and unethical. It does not matter who does the killing because when a life is taken by another it is always wrong. By killing a human being the state lessens the value of life and actually contributes to the growing sentiment in today's society that certain individuals are worth more than others. When the value of life is lessened under certain circumstances such as the life of a murderer, what is stopping others from creating their own circumstances for the value of one's life such as race, class, religion, and economics. Immanual Kant, a great philosopher of ethics, came up with the Categorical Imperative, which is a universal command or rule that states that society and individuals "must act in such a way that you can will that your actions become a universal law for all to follow" (Palmer 265). There must be some set of moral and ethical standards that even the government can not supersede, otherwise how can the state expect its citizens not to follow its own example. ...

How to Write a Novel 5 Key Steps Every Good Book Needs [Template]

How to Write a Novel 5 Key Steps Every Good Book Needs [Template] How to Write a Novel: 5 Key Steps Every Good Book Needs [Template] If you misunderstand how to write a novel with the proper story structure, your book will never sell.Harsh, but true. And thats why were here to tell you the exact methods that skyrocketed the popularity of books like The Hunger Games and the Divergent series.Here are the steps for how to write a novel:The Setup for writing a novelThe Inciting IncidentThe First Slap of a novelThe Second SlapThe Climax of a novelBut before we dive right into those, we have to understand your unique writing methodin order for you to understandhow to write a novel in a way thats best for you.What is a Novel?A novel is a work of fiction told through narrative prose focusing on characters and a plot with at least some degree of realism.Essentially, a novel is a long story in which a message, theme, and plot are revealed slowly over the course of scenes and chapters that make up a bigger storyline.How Many Words in a Novel?The exact number of words that make up a novel varies greatly depending on the genre and personal taste, however, a book is considered a novel if it has more than 50,000 words.But that doesnt mean your book will be that long. You have to learn how many words are in your novel.Below is a table detailing how many words make up a novel in each respective genre, as some are typically longer than others.Type of WritingWord CountPages in a Typical BookExampleShort story100 - 15,0001 - 24 pages"The Gift of the Magi" by O. HenryNovella30,000 - 60,000100 - 200 pages"A Clockwork Orange" by Anthony BurgessNovel60,000 - 100,000200 - 350 pages"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone": by JK RowlingEpic Novel120,00 - 220,000+400 - 750+ pages"Game of Thrones" by George R.R. MartinKeep in mind that these are a baseline. You want to make sure your novel is in the ballpark word count for your genre and target audience but just remember that you can easily go over or under depending on how well the story is craftedand if it covers our 5 key milestones it will be craftedwell.How do you plan a novel? Your Novel Structure Breakdown ( Template)Planning a novel involves coming up with your plot, character development, knowing your audience, and outlining your book.Coming up with your plot involves knowing which genre you want to write or even utilizing a list of writing prompts to get your thoughts moving.Character development is one of the most vital parts of your novel. Take the time to know your characters and protagonist well before you start writing in order to better plot your novel to fit how they act.Your audience will dictate the type of content in your plot. You can always plot first and then decide if youll be writing young adult, new adult, adult, or even middle grade. Just make sure you categorize your novel correctly in order to reach the right audience.Once you know the above, youre ready to outline your novel. First, however, you have to figure out if youre a pantser, plotter, or somewhere in between before you can outline your book.If you want to hav e a solid fill-in-the-blank template, we have three story structures for planning your novel.Fill out the form below to gain access! Whats the Difference Between Pantser Versus PlotterA plotter is someone who plans out their novel with an outline before actually writing, whereas a pantser is someone who writes with seemingly no direction they write by the seat of their pants.Are you a plotter or a pantser?Fiction authors tend to fall into one of two buckets when writing their books.PantsersThese are writers who basically only have a few vague elements about the story in mind when they start writing, but nothing else.One of the most famous pantsers is Stephen King. In interviews, Stephen King has said that he often has an idea of the beginning, the premise, and a vague idea how it’s all going to end – and that’s all he needs to start writing his book.PlottersThese are writers who need to know every piece of their story, down to the minute detail, before they will write a single word. They have full, complete outlines that serve as a guide for their writing.They will know who each and every one of their characters are, what their motivations are, the chapters needed for the book, chapter sections, and in some cases, even paragraphs. Probably the most famous plotter out there is James Patterson.Knowing if youre a plotter or pantser will dictate your entire writing process.Clearly, it’s possible to be successful whether you’re a plotter or pantser. But here’s the harsh reality: whereas Stephen King and James Patterson sit on opposite extremes of the ‘Outline Spectrum’, most of us fall somewhere in between.But that still doesn’t answer the question:Are you a pantser or a plotter?My best advice is to be something in between. Someone who looks beyond the â€Å"outline† of a novel, and identifies something much more important in their story†¦the 5 key milestones were about to reveal to you. How to Write a Novel with 5 Key Milestones of Every Successful NovelMost novels and movies have five key points that make up the core of their story its a formula thats been around for longer than books have.This may not even be something authors do intentionally but rather, these are what make a story (even spoken) good and captivating.What’s more, these milestones are something that readers have subconsciously been trained to look for when digesting a piece of fiction. In other words, if you don’t have these five key moments, your reader is likely to turned off of your story because it didn’t meet expectations set by the hundreds (if not thousands) of stories they have already digested before yours.Lets get started.#1 The Setup when writing a novelThis is where you make your story promise and write an introduction that pulls readers in.Heres a solid resource for how to start a story if you need a few more tips.You tell your reader what kind of story it will be – a comedy, drama, mystery, fantasy, sci:In the Hunger Games, we meet Katniss. From her surroundings, it is obvious that she is poor, and as soon as she steps outside of her wooden shack we see hovering drones.Within the first few pages of this book, we have learned three essential things:This book is a dramaKatniss is our heroine and she has a miserable lifeSURPRISE! There are drones and other technologies that indicate this to be a sci:Katniss volunteers! In the Hunger Games, the inciting incident is irreversible because – quite literally – soldiers grab Katniss, whisk her away from her world, and into the world of the games.There is no escape.And even if she could get away, she would be hunted by the Capital for the rest of her life. With those two simple words, â€Å"I volunteer!† her life has changed forever.Note: There is an exception to this rule when it comes to romances.With romances, the inciting incident is almost always when the two lovebirds meet. (Not always, but for the vast majority of romances, this is the case.) With romances, try to create an inciting incident that si multaneously shows how perfect these two people are for each other while setting up the numerous reasons why they can’t be together.How to Write a Novel Action Step:Answer these questions in full and complete the brainstorming activity. What is your inciting incident? Is it strong enough? Are there ways you could up the stakes or shorten the timeline? How can you make it your inciting incident as impactful and irreversible as possible?Brainstorm several inciting incidents†¦ Don’t settle for one. Take a look at your inciting incidents and ask yourself this: Which one of these is the harshest, deadliest inciting incident of the bunch. Then pick that one.#3 The First SlapNow, we are away to the races for writing a novel!Over the next few chapters, your character should be making a series of gains and losses, where the aggregate result is that their situation is slightly better than what it was at the moment of the inciting incident.The reason why we need this up ward trajectory is because we are setting up the reader for the first slap.The first slap is the moment when everything that our hero has gained is lost in fell swoop. Your hero is brought down to zero. In other words, all gains are lost, and your hero’s situation has never been bleaker.The greater the fall, the more engaged your reader will be.First Slap Example:In the Hunger Games, Katniss’s world is brought down to zero when she actually enters the Games.Between the inciting incident on the first slap, Katniss has made several gains, garnering the attention of the Capital and making some friends along the way. But none of that matters the moment she enters the Games – and what a moment it is.How to Write a Novel Action Step:Brainstorm what your first slap can be. Like with the inciting incident, try to come up with 3:In the Hunger Games, the second slap is when the Game Masters announce that two tributes can survive the Games should they both be from the same district.Katniss goes looking for Peeta, only to find him mortally wounded – he is bleeding to death and won’t survive the next few hours, let alone the rest of the Games. We know enough about Katniss to realize that Peeta dying is the worst thing that could happen to her (besides her own death).But there is hope!An announcement is made that there is something at the cornucopia that the Tributes need, and Katniss just knows that there is medicine there for Peeta.How to Write a Novel Action Step:Brainstorm several seconds slaps and pick the harshest one. Then ask yourself: where is the hope and how will it lead into the climax?#5 The ClimaxThe rollercoaster that you’ve put your reader on is almost over.The reader has gone from an engaging setup where they get to learn about your characters and world to the inciting incident where everything is turned on its head.Then they are subjected to the first and second slaps where you embrace your inner sadomasochist in order to punish your hero and give the readers the thrills they so richly deserve.Now it is time to wrap it all up with the climax.There is only one rule to the climax. A rule that must be adhered to, no matter what genre you are writing in:Make it amazing! The climax should be the moment where your reader puts down the book and goes, â€Å"Holy S*%! That was awesome!†Novel Climax Example:The climax in the Hunger Games is the final confrontation between Katniss and the remaining Tributes, as well as the monsters that the Game Masters send after her. It is wrought with danger and excitement.But what makes the climax truly kickass is the poisonous berries at the end.If you don’t know what I’m talking about, pick up a copy of Hunger Games today and read it! You’ll immediately get why this scene is so amazing.How to Write a Novel Action Step:Brainstorm your kickass climactic scene! Show us how amazing, smart, resourceful, powerful your hero is when overcoming their final obstacles, but remember to make sure its realistic and makes sense for your character.There you have it: how to write a book is made much easier with your 5 key milestones. This method is particularly effective for first-time authors who are still finding their writing feet (or should I say typing fingers) and is an awesome resource that experienced writers can rely on time and again when planning their stories.The 5 Key Milestones combined with a spot-on Premise and A-Story will tell you where your story starts, where it is headed and how it will end.In other words, if you do the novel writing exercises above, you should have everything you need to get your novel to the finish line.

Case study for Dye sol company (Australia) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

For Dye sol company (Australia) - Case Study Example It is very necessary to deal with projects which have respect in performance criteria of dimensions which influence the strategic decisions of the business in the investment decisions. The group of professionals is concerned in decision making dealing with the development of the equipment for the use of research in and manufacturing of dye sol. The company supplies the equipment and materials together with the components for the dye sol technology research in most of institutions in Australia. Criteria flow and evaluation of the machines helps to produce dye sol and assist in the technology research in making the company large1. The challenge in this is the communication system in designing the changes which falls under the management team in the company. In evaluating the project research, it is very necessary to consider some of the targets like, objectives and outputs of the project according to the overall goals and the impacts set for the achievement of the project. The effectiveness on the research is measured according to the achievement of the objectives and the major factors influencing the achievement and non- achievement goals. The efficiency of the measures lies on the part of the output based on qualitative and quantitative measures. Efficiency evaluation comprises of cost efficient and the implementation of the most efficient and the alternatives. The impact of the project brings a lot of impact on the development intervention which comprises of both social and economic development indicators. For example, beneficiaries in the project; sustainability lies on the measuring the benefit of every activity which is likely to sustain itself after the donor withdraws2. The project should cater for itself both social and financially stable. The table below shows criteria for Evaluation The long term involves the nature and improvements of the

1. From the early 1970s criminology was subject to a process of Essay

1. From the early 1970s criminology was subject to a process of radicalisation which brought both positive and negative consequences for the discipline. Discuss - Essay Example By so doing, crime has been looked at from the standpoint of demographics and patterns of any criminal activity, the socio-economic and cultural as well as the psychological perspectives of such criminal mannerisms in the context of the wider society. From the outset, perhaps it is imperative to note that the process of crime development and conceptualisation was given the much needed impetus by the conflict theory. According to Scraton (2007, p. 72), it is this ideological orientation that gave birth to the development of the other concepts during the early 1970s. A closer analysis of the conflict theory of crime reveals that it was founded on the premise that the primary or root causes of crime are both the economic and social forces that operate within any given society. In this regard, the various systems of justice and their respective laws tend to operate on behalf of powerful elites and rich persons within the society. Hence, policies that are put in place, more often than not, end up controlling the poor. Consequentially, this culminates into the imposition of standards by the criminal justice system that are construed to the establishment of benchmarks of good behaviour and morality put forward by the powerful in the society. The period from early 1970s witnessed the development of the new criminology which later came to be known as the radical criminology. Inciardi (1980, p. 58), argues that the development of radical or critical criminology stems from conflict theory of crime and is indeed its branch. On a positive rejoinder, Scrato n (2007, p. 169), holds the view that it draws its ideas from the Marxist perspective of criminology. In a nutshell, radical criminology was based on the concepts such as power, class in addition to ideology that was advanced by the Marxists during their analyses of the famous capitalist society. Perhaps it is important to note that this concept of criminology was developed initially in

Violence in video games Essay Example for Free

Violence in video games Essay Ward, Michael R. Video Games and Adolescent Fighting. Journal of Law and Economics 53(2012): 611-28. JSTOR. Web. 5 Nov. 2012. http://www. jstor. org/stable/10. 1086/605509. There is a link between violence in the context of video games and violence affected by gamers outside of the context of gaming. Psychologists have studied the possible connections between violence depicted in the media and violent behaviors. The usual sources for violent portrayals are music lyrics, television scenes, and video/computer games. Young children spend an enormous amount of time consuming media. Media violence is having harmful effects on childrens development and behavior. The negative effects on violence in the media (specifically video games) outweigh the positive effects. Topic: Effects on violent video game playing on youth Thesis: Violent video games are affecting our youth in a negative way Revised Thesis: Violent video games increase violent behaviors in children but parents can become proactive to help fight this epidemic by engaging them in sports, academics, reading and games that require interpersonal activity. Mencius Man’s Nature Is Good David Suzuki The Sacred Balance. Averroes On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy Moses Maimonides The Guide for the Perplexed Tanya Sanchez ENG 1201 Professor Aldridge Outline Topic – Violence in video games Thesis: Violent video games increase violent behaviors in children but parents can become proactive to help fight this epidemic by engaging them in sports, academics, reading and games that require interpersonal activity. I. Video Games and Adolescent Fighting a. Violence in media b. The overestimated link between video games and violence c. Effects on youth II. Playing video games causes violence outside of gaming a. â€Å"Everything is connected to something else† b. David Suzuki’s The Sacred Balance c. Violence in games becomes violence in reality III. Parents becoming proactive engaging children in a. Sports b. Academics c. Reading IV. Alternatives that have not worked a. Limiting time b. â€Å"Blocking† certain things c. Removing equipment V. Mencius’ Man’s Nature is Good a. Kao Tzu b. â€Å"Blank state† c. Human nature responds to the forces around it VI. Conclusion a. Restate thesis b. Summarize main points Tanya Sanchez ENG 1201 Professor Aldridge Persuasive Research Paper Rough Draft. Effects of Violent Video Game-playing on Youth Technology advances every day in society. From mobile devices to laptops and computers, to microwaves and air conditioners, to televisions and internet, technology is everywhere. Technology is the making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems, methods of organization, in order to solve a problem, improve a preexisting solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied input/output relation or perform a specific function. A fast growing technological advancement today is video game systems. Video games are affecting our youth in various ways. Video-gaming is becoming an issue in society, especially the video games with violence exposed in them. Violent video games increase the violent behaviors in children, but parents can become proactive to help fight this epidemic by engaging their children in sports, academics, reading and games that require interpersonal activity. The first form of electronic gaming was computer games back in the 1960’s. These were developed by hobbyists who were associated with computer science programs at universities. The first video game consoles designed for home play developed in the mid-1970s. A video game console is an interactive entertainment computer or customized computer system that produces a video display signal which can be used with a display device (a television, monitor, etc. ) to display a video game. These consoles continued to increase in society and still are today. Advances and improvements in computer technology helped create more refined and realistic games. As the technology advanced, portrayals of social interactions, including violent interactions, have become increasingly more realistic. The violence in video games is affecting the youth in a negative way. Psychologists have found positive correlations between playing violent videogames and violent and antisocial attitudes stated Michael R. Ward from the University of Texas. They have not based this study on a particular sex, just on the actual video-game playing and aggression. Some have contacted policy makers to regulate the content and marketing of video games so as to curb violence, especially among children, which are more prone to it. The main concern is the connection between violence in the actual video games and violence implemented by gamers outside of the context of gaming. There is a parallel between violence in gaming and fighting. This however is further seen in gamers that play more hours daily (typically 4 or more) than those who don’t. Playing these violent video games can cause violence outside of the video gaming itself. Everything is connected to everything else as reinforced in David Suzuki’s, The Sacred Balance. This is reasonable to occur. It is not surprising that playing violent video games causes you to be violent. â€Å"People have always understood that we are deeply embedded in and dependent upon the natural world. † (427) This occurs naturally. We cannot change the natural order of the universe. Upon playing these violent video games daily for a predetermined length of time, in your head this becomes what seems to be reality. You are so accustomed to fighting and taking up violent activities in these games that in reality, this slowly becomes perfectly natural to you. Using video game consoles are not the only way one can access the violence. Other sources include the internet, televisions, smartphones, and many others. Parents can become proactive in trying to help stop this epidemic by doing some of the simplest things. Parents can start off my restricting time for their children in which they play these video games. Restricting time in which they spend playing is something very minor that can have a big outcome. Something parents should pay closer attention to is the ratings on these video games being played. There are various rating, some of which include; Early Childhood which means the content is intended for younger children, Everyone which means the content is generally suitable for all ages but may contain minimal cartoon, fantasy or mild violence and/or infrequent use of mild language, Teen which means the content is generally suitable for ages 13 and up and may contain violence, suggestive themes, crude humor, minimal blood, simulated gambling, and/or infrequent use of strong language. Mature which mean the content is generally suitable for ages 17 and up and may contain intense violence, blood and gore, sexual content and/or strong language, Adults Only which means the content is suitable only for adults ages 18 and up and may include prolonged scenes of intense violence, graphic sexual content and/or gambling with real currency and many other ratings. Can parents really trust these ratings? Another minor thing that can be done is â€Å"blocking† certain things that are flagged as inappropriate for your children. A downfall of doing this is that you can only control it when they are playing video games in your presence. Your child/children can easily go to a friend’s house where his/her friend doesn’t have blocked settings on specific things. This is a common way to get around it or avoiding the â€Å"My parents blocked it† situation. There are many alternatives that have not worked. Trying to limit or restrict the amount of time being devoted to playing these videogames has not seemed to be working. Removing the equipment (like the game console, computer, phone, etc. ) has not been functioning either. Some alternatives that may work instead of the disciplinary options are engaging your children in sports, academics, reading and games that require intrapersonal activity. Engaging your children in sports will not only promote a healthy lifestyle for your child/children, it will also keep them physically active. Being engaged in sports your child will adopt important values in life. Such important life lessons include self-confidence, goal setting and achieving, time management as well as patience, perseverance and determination. Your child will also learn the importance and benefits of teamwork. Helping your child focus more on academics might help solve this epidemic too. Trying to incorporate video games with learning or a way to help study can be very beneficial in the long run. Encouraging your child to read instead of playing video games can be difficult but maybe investing in a Kindle or any electronic similar to that which only focuses on reading could help. These devices have the look and feel of a game but in reality is enforcing reading, not violence. In Mencius’s Man’s Nature Is Good, he believed humans were inherently good and with the proper training could become perfect, however Hsun Tzu believed humans were inherently evil and required rites to keep them in check. In relation to the violence the children are exposed to in these video games, I think it makes most sense to believe in what Chinese philosopher, Kao Tzu believed in. He believed human nature was neither inherently good nor inherently evil but a â€Å"blank state† that could be conditioned in both directions. Kao stated, â€Å"The nature of things is like swirling water: channel it east and it flows east, channel it west and it flows west. † (95) He is comparing human nature to water. It doesn’t chose between good and evil just like water doesn’t choose between east and west. Mencius argued this claim but Kao Tzu retaliated by saying human nature is only responding to the forces around it. The influences of these video games become the â€Å"forces† around the youth in today’s society and have an impact on these children in the least expected ways. Between the actual video games and the gamer, the gamer seems to be the puzzled one. They may be so involved in the video game and the violence portrayed in it that they begin to lose some sense of reality and become what it is that they are playing. In Moses Maimonides’ The Guide for the Perplexed, the youth in society today is becoming â€Å"perplexed. † Being perplexed simply means you are puzzled or confused. Relating the video games is being misinterpreted and being related to reality when it shouldn’t be. From personal experience, I have witnessed this in my own household. Having two younger brothers both very involved in this â€Å"video game world† has brought this issue to my attention. One of my younger brothers isn’t very entertained by the violent video games but the older of the two is. He is at that age where video gaming is what he does on an everyday basis for hours. A lot of these games are violent and although he hasn’t physically been involved in any violent activities now, I just hope he isn’t involved in them in the future. One thing I have noticed is that he has been getting more aggressive in the sense that he’s becoming a little more disrespectful especially towards my parents. Maybe it’s because he is at the â€Å"teenage age† and going through puberty but something tells me it also has to do with the games he is playing. The fact that both my younger brothers are very involved in sports and one of the two is still very focused on the video games is insane. There has to be other alternatives for him not to be focusing so much on the violence he is playing. Consequently, the violence in video games is affecting our youth in a negative way. There is definitely a parallel between violence in video games and violence outside the video games. Parents can be the main helping hand in this epidemic by being proactive with their children. They can help find alternatives like engaging their children in things other than playing these video games. Even though some alternatives have not succeeded like restricting time, blocking certain things, removing equipment, etc. there are other powerful options that may have a more profound effect. Being involved in sports at a young age gives the youth many valuable lessons. Another thing is engaging your children in intrapersonal games or activities. Intrapersonal is a term used in education usually referring to multiple intelligences. Intrapersonal learners know how they work best and are usually self-motivated people. This violence in video gaming epidemic has to be more controlled if we don’t want our youth to become â€Å"what they are playing. † What would happen if society continues like this? Works Cited Averroes. On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy. Reading the World: Ideas ThatMatter.2nd ed. New York: W. W. Norton , 2010. 391-96. Print. Maimonides, Moses. The Guide for the Perplexed. Reading the World: Ideas That Matter. 2nded. New York: W. W. Norton , 2010. 397-401. Print. Mencius. Mans Nature Is Good. Reading the World: Ideas That Matter. 2nd ed. New York:W. W. Norton , 2010. 94-99. Print. Suzuki, David. The Sacred Balance. Reading the World: Ideas That Matter. By MichaelAustin. 2nd ed. New York: W. W. Norton , 2010. 427-34. Print. Ward, Michael R. Video Games and Adolescent Fighting. Journal of Law and Economics 53(2012): 611-28. JSTOR. Web. 5 Nov. 2012. http://www. jstor. org/stable/10. 1086/605509.

Individual vs. Society in Daisy Miller and Old Woman Magoun :: comparison compare contrast essays

Individual vs. Society in Daisy Miller and Old Woman Henry James’ "Daisy Miller, A Study" and Mary Wilkins Freeman’s "Old Woman Magoun" contain morally ambiguous conflicts between individuals and society. Both of these short stories are tales in which strong, individual women directly conflict with their respective destructive male societies, attempting to uphold innocence while flouting societal rules and expectations. Freeman and James both construct strong female individuals in different guises. Freeman’s Old Woman Magoun is old, wise, and practiced in the art cooking and child-rearing, embracing a traditional feminine role and drawing power from it. She practises this art because it is her right, and, passive-aggressively, she uses her cooking lore to kill Lily, removing innocence from the world. Quite on the other side of the spectrum we have James’ Daisy: young, innocent, practised only in the art of flirting, yet drawing her powerful independence from the practise of this non-traditional feminine art. She is allowed to practise her art, but only for a while. Daisy dies of an attack of Roman Fever contracted at the Colosseum; more symbolically, her innocence is lost from society when her character is crucified on a cross of social propriety. Men and men’s desires represent societal aims in both stories. Freeman’s men are Nelson Barry and Jim Willis, both are members of old, highly placed, "degenerate" (179) American families. Their goal is to steal Lily from Old Woman Magoun and force her into a traditional societal role to satisfy their own ends, no matter that this will destroy Lily’s innocence. Barry desires "to have that girl" (184) for financial comfort; Willis desires her for more traditional domestic comfort. James embodies society in Mr. Winterbourne, a socially accepted young American who has "lived too long in foreign parts" (492). Winterbourne desires for Daisy to enter into and conform with society to satisfy his own ends, as well. He desires mental and emotional comfort: to judge her "eccentricities" (486) innocent, and that she "would flirt with me, and me only" (482). Each individual’s conflict with society is resolved in different ways and in difficult lights. Magoun directly flouts society’s rules by committing infanticide, effectively removing purity from the destructive intents of male society. Yet her actions pose a question of morality to Freeman’s audience. Was Lily’s death justified? Meanwhile, the men are left comfortless and alone. Magoun, however, is also comfortless and alone, depriving herself of Lily’s innocence to save it.

Judicial Precedent Essay

Judicial Precedent is another important source of law, it is an independent source of law, where there are no legislations on the particular point in statute Books, and Judicial Precedent works great. Judicial precedent has been accepted as one of the important sources of law in most of the legal systems. It is also a continuous, growing source of law. According to Salmond, the doctrine of precedent has two meanings, namely (1) in a loose sense precedent includes merely reported case-law which may be cited and follows by the court, (2) in its strict sense, precedent means that case-law which not only has a great binding authority. But must also be followed. There are variety of different views about the nature of judicial precedent. According to Jermy Bentham, Precedent is a judge-made Law while Austine calls it as judiciary’s law; Keeton holds precedents as those judicial pronouncements of the court which carry with them certain authority having a binding force. In simple wor ds precedent means judge-made decisions which are used in further cases. A judicial precedent is purely constitutive in nature and never abrogative. Means it can create law but cannot abolish it. The judges are not at liberty to substitute their own views where there is a settled principle of law. They can only fill in the gaps in the legal system and so we can say that precedent means a case decided previously. Or precedent is any set pattern upon which future conduct may be based. Judicial precedent is a decision by a competent court of justice upon a disputed point of view which becomes, not merely a guide but an authority to be followed by all courts of co-ordinate or inferior jurisdiction and administrating the same system until it has been overruled by a court of superior jurisdiction or by a statute of superior authority, e.g., an Act of Parliament. The justification of the binding rule of judicial precedent is based on the several reasons these are that, precedent is based on practical experience. Rather than logic, it is based on convenience in the sense that it is provided in settled law and thus saved the labour of judges. It prevents error of judgment by individual judges, it prevents partiality on the part of the judges It helps lawyers to take a cautious view of the development of law on the basis of past judicial experience because of above all factors precedents are become achieve important place as one of the important source of law. Precedents can be classified into two categories: (1) Authoritative and (2) Persuasive. The authoritative precedent is one  which has a binding force and the judge must follow it whether he approves it or not. Authoritative precedents are the decisions of superior court of justice which are binding on subordinate courts. For ex. Supreme Court, High Courts, Persuasive precedents, on the other hand, is on which the judges are under no obligation to follow but which they may take into consideration at the time of making decision. Now from all above discussion we are well able to understand precedent, how we discussed the position of precedent in real practice and its recent value in administration of justice. In the recent years, the value of the doctrine of precedent has become a debatable issue. In England the importance of precedent is much more than in any continental country, that is why it is often said that judicial precedent is an unique feature of common law countries because the great body of the common law or unwritten law is almost entirely the product of decided cases and common law of England has been created by the decision of English judges and precedent is not merely evidence of the law but a source of it and the courts are bound to follow the law that is so established. House of Lords is the highest Court in England, its decisions bind all the inferior courts, the House of Lords itself is bound by its own previous decision but this position after a long controversy and various debates become change after the famous classic case. Boys v. Chaplin, 1968 IAIIER 283 and it is finally decided that as the House of Lords is the highest court in England, its decisions are absolutely binding on all inferior courts. But House of Lords is now not bound by its own earlier decisions and so nowadays House of Lords is not bound by its own previous decisions. In continental countries like Germany France, Italy, judicial precedent has only instructive value and it is not authoritative. In these countries its importance is no greater than that of a textbook of law. In India judicial precedent has great value. The position of precedent becomes clear after 1950 and the doctrine of precedent gets a constitutional recognition. Art. 141 of the constitution provide that law declared by the Supreme Court to be binding on all courts, within the territory of India. It is clear from the wordings of Article 141 that the law declared by the Supreme Court is binding on all courts in India. But there after in various debates question arises that, whether the expression all courts include Supreme Court also. This question gives birth to various new views, that whether Supreme Court follows the British model of the House  of Lords of ‘be bound’ or the U.S.A. Supreme Court ‘not be bound’. This question was first discussed by S.C. in the famous case. Now it is finally concluded from all forgoing discussion that the position of precedent from past to presen t is changed in vast dimensions and importance. Value of precedent is now decreased to some extent and new concepts of prospective overruling has evolved to avoid the complications in vast changing society. In true sense precedents enable the judges to re-shape law according to the social need and at the same time the binding authority of the precedent acts as an effective check on the arbitrary discretion of the judges. Precedent helps common people to know about the intricate principles of law. Precedent helps Lawyers in their argument without waste of unnecessary time and energy whenever they want to cite any case-law. It also provides useful guidelines for the judges in deciding cases before them. But there are some contrary arguments towards precedent as Bentham did not recognize precedent as law at all because it lacks binding force of the state. Some critics argue that, statute law is more important than precedent, they say that, judicial precedents are published in law reports which are in such a large number that it becom es practically difficult to find out a particular case from such a voluminous legal literature and so it is very time consuming, they also contend that, at one time, different courts express conflicting opinions on the same point which renders the validity of precedent doubtful and uncertain and there is always a possibility of erroneous judgment in such a case. Another objection which is quite often raised against precedent is that development of law through case-law more or less depends upon chance, because there is no test available for determining the validity of law made by precedent. Sometimes erroneous decisions of S.C. create practical problems for the subordinate judges as they are bound to follow these decisions howsoever wrong or defective. This adversely affects the growth and development of law in the right direction. But despite the aforesaid critical argument, judicial precedent has been as one of the important sources of law in most of the legal systems particularly U.K., U.S.A., Australia, Afro-Asian countries and India as the merits of the binding effect of the precedent (decision) it must be stated that it gives certainty and uniformity to law and brings about its scientific development and precedents always remain an effective weapon of shaping and developing  law according to the needs of the changing society.

Foundation of Democracy Essay

Desktop Computers  ·Also called personal computers.  ·sit on,beside,or under a desktop. Notebook or Laptops  ·Similar to desktops  ·Advantages  ·Netbook  ·Similar to a notebook  ·For wireless communication or access to the internet Tablets  ·Looks similar to a notebook  ·Touch screens capability Servers  ·A computer dedicated to shaaring resources among 2 or more computers and managing large amounts of data. Hand-held or Mobile Computers  ·Any computing devices that fits in the palm of your hand and is portable.  ·Cellular Phones  ·Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)  ·Music or Media Players (ipods ,Mp3)  ·Game systems (wii, playstations)  ·Electronic Book Readers (kindle, Nook)  ·Calculators Looking at the system unit  ·sometimes called the â€Å"Box â€Å"or â€Å"Tower†.  ·Most expensive part of the computer system.Devices in the system  ·Power supply  ·Motherboard  ·Micro processor  ·Memory Power Supply  ·Supply the necessary power to run components in the systemunit. Motherboard  ·The central printed circuit board in the system unit that holds many of the crucial comporents. Connecting Devices  ·Parallel  ·Serial  ·Ports  ·Universal Serial BUS(USB)  ·Network Ports  ·Used for connecting to anotheer computer on a network ,a modern ,or to the internet  ·Ethernet of firewire Device Driver  ·To enable communication between the operating system and the device. What is a software Program?  ·A step by step set of instructions that tell a computer what to do.  ·Software applications are created using program languages.  ·A complex code that activate functions and complete tasks.  ·Computer software code is based on a set of rules called algerithms Ergonomics  ·Fitting the job to the peoplewho have to do it,through the design of equipment and procedures.  ·Fitting the person to the job, through use of placement procedures or training.  ·Application requires matching tasks demands and environmental conditions with user characteristics.  ·Ergonomics originated during the second world war to overcome performance failures due to human error in new high tech defense systems.  ·Proper lighting for visionby utilizing prortable adjustable lamps for each workstations, and indirect lighting sources some type of blinds for windows to reduce glare including to the computer screens.  ·Proper posture using adjustable desk and chairs with height.

These Are the Easiest AP Classes for You

These Are the Easiest AP Classes for You SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What are the easiest AP classes and/or the easiest AP tests? Answering this question isn’t so simple as just giving you a list, since there are a lot of factors that could make an AP class easy. The easiest AP tests could have hard classes to go with them, or vice versa. You also have to think about your school, the national average scores, and your own personal strengths when figuring out which AP courses are relatively easy. But don’t worry- we’ll help you break down these factors and decide which AP tests will be easiest for you! In this article, we'll first discuss your particular situation- your skills and your school. Then, we'll look at national data on passing rates and reputation for easiness. How Do Your Skills Affect Which AP Tests Are Easiest? The very first thing you should consider when deciding which AP tests are easiest is, well, you! Any topic that you are good at or comfortable with will be easier for you than classes you are less experienced in. For example, if you’re a good writer and have always done well in Language Arts/English classes, you will probably find both AP English Literature and AP English Language will be manageable for you, even though their rates of scoring a perfect 5 are pretty low (under 11%). (Read more about AP scoring here.) As another example, if you have always liked math and have taken math classes up through pre-calculus, you may find AB or even BC Calculus fairly easy, especially if your school has a good teacher (more on that in a minute). Remember, one student’s easy AP class could be another student’s nightmare! So even as you consider things like passing rate and teachers, keep in mind you shouldn’t just go on a class’s reputation alone when choosing an AP class. Trust your own instincts and strengths! Want to get a perfect 5 on your AP exam and an A in class? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. How Does Your School Affect Which AP Tests Are Easiest? Another important factor to consider is your school and teachers. For example, if there is a teacher at your school who has taught AP US History for 10 years, has their curriculum down pat, and has a higher passing rate than the national average, you’ll have a high shot of passing, even though AP US History has one of the lowest national passing rates. This can even be true of other AP classes considered tough by reputation, like AP Physics, AP Biology, and AP English Literature. This also means that if you take an AP class from a teacher who has never taught it before, you might have to plan on doing more studying on your own. The new teacher might not have as much experience with timing the curriculum or working practice tests into their class schedules. Don't underestimate the importance of practice tests! So this means when signing up for AP classes, don’t just look at what your school offers. Try to find out who teaches it and figure out their reputation. But how can you do this? #1: Ask your guidance counselor. They should know about how many students take the AP class every year, what the teacher’s exam pass rate is, and if they notice students switching out of the class often. That could be a sign the course is challenging or students don’t do well with the teacher. #2: Talk to upperclassmen who have taken the class. If you have older siblings, or older friends from clubs or sports, you can ask about what they have heard about certain teachers. Don’t rely only on what other kids say about a teacher, but for example, if every student you talk to says they have heard the AP Biology teacher is amazing and all their friends have passed the AP test, that’s a good sign! #3: Talk to your current teachers. Especially if you are in an AP prerequisite class, like a biology class that feeds into AP biology, the teacher probably knows plenty of students who have gone on to take AP and has heard about how well they do. What About the AP Class Itself? Another factor to consider is how hard the class itself will be, not just the AP exam. This is something that varies based on your school and the teacher teaching the class. As an example, I took two tough AP classes my sophomore year- AP World History and AP Biology. Both exams were very hard, but the classes were two very different experiences. Even though the World History exam was hard and I studied a lot, the class itself wasn’t hard to pass. The teacher even automatically changed our grades for the last semester to an A just for taking the AP test! However, for AP Biology, our teacher assigned very tough tests and lots of homework, including making several flashcards for every single textbook chapter. It was very hard to get an A in that class. To find out how hard an AP class will be, you can use the same tips we mentioned above to learn about a class’s reputation. As a general rule, the more material there is to cover before an examination, the harder the class will probably be. Calculus BC, Biology, and English Literature have tough reputations in a lot of schools since there is more material to cover. US Government, Psychology, Human Geography, and Environmental Science tend to be easier since there is comparatively less to cover before the exam. Also keep in mind that some schools weight AP classes, so they can boost your GPA if you do well. Average AP Passing Rates: What We Can Learn The passing rate for each AP test is where many students start when trying to figure out the easiest AP classes. Check out our table below to see which exams have the most and least students pass. Exam Name Passing Rate (3+) 5 Rate Studio Art: Drawing 91.1% 20.8% Spanish Language and Culture 89% 24.9% Chinese Language and Culture 88.3% 57.2% Studio Art: 2-D Design 86.4% 21% Calculus BC 81.5% 43.2% Physics C: Electricity Magnetism 81.1% 35.9% Seminar 80.7% 6.8% French Language and Culture 76.7% 15.5% Research 76.2% 10.8% Japanese Language and Culture 75% 38.2% Computer Science Principles 72.7% 13.6% Spanish Literature 71.9% 9.1% Physics C: Mechanics 71.1% 34.6% German Language and Culture 70.5% 18.4% Studio Art: 3-D Design 70.1% 10.1% Computer Science A 69.9% 27% Microeconomics 68.4% 22.2% Gov. and Politics - Comparative 66.2% 22.2% Biology 64.6% 7.1% Italian Language and Culture 64.6% 11.8% Psychology 64.4% 20.2% Art History 63.9% 12% Physics 2 63.5% 12.6% Music Theory 63.4% 20.9% Latin 63.1% 13.1% Statistics 59.2% 14.5% European History 58.4% 11.7% Calculus AB 58.3% 18.9% Macroeconomics 57.9% 17.6% World History 56% 8.7% Gov. and Politics - United States 55.2% 12.9% English Language and Composition 55.1% 10.1% Chemistry 54.6% 10.7% United States History 54.3% 12.1% English Literature and Composition 50.1% 6.2% Environmental Science 49.6% 9.5% Human Geography 49.1% 10.7% Physics 1 44.6% 6.2% Source: College Board. For language rates, "Total" includes all students, while "Standard" includes only those students who didn't indicate they speak this language at home or spent more than four weeks studying it abroad. Notice that some of the exams with the highest passing rates, Chinese, Spanish Language, and BC Calculus, are not the easiest AP classes or tests by any estimation. They have high pass rates because the students who take those classes are ones, in general, who have had plenty of prior preparation. This also includes the AP Studio Art Classes- the AP exam is really a portfolio you submit. AP art students put in tons of work during the year preparing pieces for their portfolio. You have to have prior art experience to put together a solid portfolio; you can’t just waltz into AP art as a novice! So what does this mean? If you are strong in a subject, you have a good chance of doing well on the AP exam, even if it has a reputation of being tough. But don't just go by the national passing rates when signing up for classes! On the flip side, note that some of the exams with the lowest passing rates- Environmental Science, US Government, and Human Geography- are not necessarily the hardest AP tests. In fact, at many schools they have a reputation for being easy. So why are their passing rates low? One reason is that many high schools let freshmen and sophomores take these courses since they are comparatively easier. However, since they are many students’ first-ever AP exam, the students can struggle because all AP exams are challenging and tough to pass. Also, students might underestimate these exams and not study enough. Especially if they are taking multiple APs in one year, they might, say, neglect Environmental Science while trying to study for Physics. So even if an AP course has a reputation for being easy, or the class at your school isn’t that hard, do not underestimate the exam. All AP exams are difficult and you have to put in study time to do well on the test. By Reputation, What Are The Easiest AP Exams? We’ve talked about personal strengths, teachers, and passing rates. But you’re probably still wondering: across the board, which AP classes and tests tend to be easy, and which ones are hard? Easiest AP Classes and Tests: Psychology Human Geography Environmental Science US Government Some schools teach US Government as a half-year course since it has less material. Psychology is mostly memorization and only has two free-response questions on the test. (Compare that to AP Chemistry, which has seven.) Environmental Science is conceptually easier to understand than Physics, Biology, or Chemistry for most students. Human Geography centers around learning and applying models, and has less raw memorization required than the AP history exams. Statistics, Computer Science, and Economics (both macro and micro)are often also cited as easier tests if you have background in the subject and/or good teachers. Which APs are often seen as the most difficult? Hardest AP Classes and Tests: English Literature English Language BC Calculus Physics C (both Mechanics and Electricity and Magnetism) Biology Again, this can change if you are strong in any of these subjects and/or your school has a great teacher. You do still have to memorize the structure of the brain, among other things, for AP Psychology. If memorization isn't your strong suit, it might not be so easy. Are AP Language Classes Easy? Finally, we want to address the language AP exams. As we saw above, foreign languages have some of the highest pass rates of all the AP exams. AP Spanish has a pass rate of 89%, AP Chinese's pass rate is 88%, and other languages have similarly high pass rates. Why are their passing rates so high? It’s because students don’t just learn these languages in one year. Most students only take AP language if they have been taking a language for several years. Many students who take the AP language exams even speak that language at home or may have studied abroad. This explains the high passing rates. What this means: if you do have lots of experience with a language, you should definitely try to take the AP language exam. Colleges frequently use AP language scores to place you in first year language courses, or even to excuse the foreign language requirement. In other words, the AP language exams are a great way to show your foreign language skills to colleges- and will be pretty easy to pass as long as you have the experience. But don't sign up for them just because they appear easy based on their passing rates. You can't learn Chinese in a year! What Do Colleges Want? As a final note, you should keep in mind why you are taking AP classes in the first place- to get college credit, and also to strengthen your college applications. In general, colleges want to see two things out of your high school classes: that you are challenging yourself, and that you are developing specific academic interests. If you only take the AP exams with easy reputations, it might look like you’re not challenging yourself. This is especially true if your high school offers the traditionally â€Å"tough† courses like calculus and literature. In other words, don’t load up on a bunch of â€Å"easy† APs just to have them on your transcript. Colleges will see through it. Instead, take APs that are interesting to you and support what you want to study in college. This will often result in a balance between easier and harder exams. For example, a future political science major might take AP US History (challenging) and AP US Government (easier). Or a future environmental engineer might take AP Calculus BC (hard) and Environmental Science (easier). The bottom line? Play to your strengths! Want to get a perfect 5 on your AP exam and an A in class? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. What’s Next? Curious about what the AP tests themselves are like? Learn about how long AP tests are and how to deal with fatigue. Also studying for the SAT? Learn to improve a low math score and how to write a strong essay. Aiming for perfection? Get tips from our resident 1600 full-scorer. Going with the ACT instead? Get tips for the essay and get study tips from our perfect 36 full-scorer. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City Overview

1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City Overview The 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City, Mexico Only ten days before the 1968 Olympic Games were to open, the Mexican army surrounded a group of students who were protesting against the Mexican government at the Plaza of Three Cultures and opened fire into the crowd. It is estimated that 267 were killed and over 1,000 were wounded. During the Olympic Games, political statements were also made. Tommie Smith and John Carlos (both from the U.S.) won the gold and bronze medals, respectively, in the 200-meter race. When they stood (barefoot) upon the victory platform, during the playing of the Star Spangled Banner, they each raised one hand, covered by a black glove, in a Black Power salute (picture). Their gesture was meant to bring attention to the conditions of blacks in the United States. This act, since it went against the ideals of the Olympic Games, caused the two athletes to be expelled from the Games. The IOC stated, The basic principle of the Olympic Games is that politics plays no part whatsoever in them. U.S. athletes violated this universally accepted principle . . . to advertise domestic political views.* Dick Fosbury (United States) drew attention not because of any political statement, but because of his unorthodox jumping technique. Though there had been several techniques previously used to get over the high jump bar, Fosbury jumped over the bar backward and head first. This form of jumping became known as the Fosbury flop. Bob Beamon (United States) made headlines by an amazing long jump. Known as an erratic jumper because he often took off with the wrong foot, Beamon tore down the runway, jumped with the correct foot, cycled through the air with his legs, and landed at 8.90 meters (making a world record 63 centimeters beyond the old record). Many athletes felt that the high altitude of Mexico City affected the events, helping some athletes and hindering others. In response to complaints about the high altitude, Avery Brundage, the IOC president, stated, The Olympic Games belong to all the world, not the part of it at sea level.** It was at the 1968 Olympic Games that drug testing debuted. Though these Games were filled with political statements, they were very popular Games. Approximately 5,500 athletes participated, representing 112 countries. * John Durant, Highlights of the Olympics: From Ancient Times to the Present (New York: Hastings House Publishers, 1973) 185.** Avery Brundage as quoted in Allen Guttmann, The Olympics: A History of the Modern Games (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1992) 133. For More Information History of the OlympicsList of the Olympic GamesInteresting Olympic Facts

A research proposal with a project management plan Essay

A research proposal with a project management plan - Essay Example The council does so by ensuring that the registration system of nurse is not compromised as well as necessary guidance and intervention in the nursing discipline. However, this is on the technical bit. Availability of personnel will be the prerequisite for the application and the effectiveness of this council’s effort in meeting their mandate. But availability is the main problem in the whole nursing profession in the globe. This raises the need for a workable plan that Nursing Council of Hong Kong can apply to ensure that the available RN is well utilized and is able to meet the raising need for health care in Hong Kong society. The scope of this research project is to develop a nursing program that will be implemented through Nursing Council of Hong Kong. Therefore, all the registered nurses as well as upcoming nurses form the scope of this project. The nurses to be interviewed and the focus group discussion groups will be developed from the already existing list of registered nurses in Nursing Council’s database and nursing students emails in the universities data base. Among the issues to be considered when sampling will be nursing experience level of the respondents, cost and time constraints as well as accountability and program orientations. Nursing is the main pillar of any health system in the world (Jamison, 2006, p.1). The nature of training and the kind of work done by nurses’ makes the core of patient’s healing and recovery. Nurses remain with the patient long after the doctors have left to ensure that the patients are comfortable as well as are able to take medication prescribed by the doctors. Healthcare thus needs more nurses than any other healthcare practitioner. Hong Kong nursing workforce is majorly dominated by female (Chan, 2012, p. 15). These nurses are required by law to be enrolled and registered for practice. However, the levels of nurses’ registration in Hong